The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications has released the National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025), a key policy document that governs the management and allocation of radio-frequency spectrum in India. The NFAP-2025 came into effect from December 30, 2025.
The NFAP-2025 is expected to provide the allocation of radio-frequency spectrum to various radio-communication services in the frequency range 8.3 kilohertz (kHz) to 3000 (gigahertz) GHz. It serves as an essential reference for spectrum managers, wireless operators, and telecom equipment manufacturers.
NFAP-2025 introduces several strategic and future-ready revisions to meet the growing spectrum demand for next-generation technologies:
- Identification of the 6425–7125 megahertz (MHz) band for international mobile telecommunications (IMT), significantly enhancing mid-band spectrum availability for 5G, 5G Advanced, and future 6G networks.
- Allocation of Ka, Q, and V bands for satellite-based services, crucial for high-throughput geo-stationary orbit (GSO) satellites and large non-GSO satellite constellations.
- Additional spectrum for in-flight and maritime connectivity (IFMC) to ensure seamless broadband access in the air and at sea.
- Support for emerging technologies such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, low Earth orbit (LEO)/medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite services, and expanded broadband connectivity solutions.
- These enhancements will ensure that India’s spectrum management remains responsive, high-capacity, and harmonised with global standards, supporting both current and future digital innovations, which will help in enhancing development of eco-system in India.